The dual-cycle factors are introduced into the theoretical framework of technological innovation. The achievement transformation stage is subdivided into internal cycle stage and external cycle stage, which constructs a network DEA model to measure technological innovation efficiency. The SDM is used to analyze the spillover paths of influencing factors on technological innovation efficiency. The results indicate that the overall efficiency of regional technological innovation in China is low from the dual-cycle perspective, and the internal cycle efficiency is higher than external cycle efficiency. The internal-cycle efficiency shows an inverted U-shaped characteristic from east to west, and the external-cycle efficiency decreases from east to west, and shows a significant upward trend after the policy transition period of 2015-2017. The internal-cycle efficiency shows a positive spillover effect on export dependence and a negative spillover effect on import dependence. The external cycle efficiency shows positive spillover on socioeconomic resource abundance and export dependence, and negative spillover on foreign direct investment. The findings of the study provide theoretical support and decisionmaking reference for how to improve the suitability of the technology supply system for domestic demand.