How can the proletariat succeed in revolution? This is the core issue that Gramsci paid close attention to. On the basis of Lenin’s leadership thought, Gramsci put forward a set of strategy system with“positional warfare”as the core according to the differences between the East and the West and his own national conditions as well as his own practical experience. At the same time, through the demonstration of practical philosophy characterized by“practical monism”, Gramsci made his ideological logic rigorous and self-integrated. This is Gramsci’s great contribution to the theory of socialism. Although Gramsci emphasizes on solving practical prob? lems through practice, the transcendence and independence of his theoretical assumption inevitably lead to defi? ciencies and limitations in the face of reality. Gramsci’s thinking on the issue of ideological leadership embodies the exploratory spirit of flexibly using Marxism in combination with practice. For the socialist countries that have acquired political power, this theory is still of great enlightening significance.