With the advent of the big data information age, data information has increasingly become an impor? tant resource, and data-related crimes are going rampant. Data legal interests not only have the traditional attri? butes of personal and property rights, but also have public attributes based on the integration of massive data. Data and information security involves not only citizens’individual legal interests, but also collective legal inter? ests, and even national security. At present, the protection of data legal interests in China’s criminal law mainly focuses on the crime of infringing upon citizens’personal information and the crime of illegally obtaining com? puter information system data, and the protection of relevant legal interests is obviously insufficient. Under the guidance of the overall national security concept, it is suggested to add a crime of infringing on public data to gradually build a criminal law mechanism to protect the legal interests of data.