The aggressive land urbanization is a key factor affecting population urbanization and rural revitaliza‐ tion. From the five dimensions of“population structure level, population quality level, life quality level, land scale level, land input and output level”, this paper constructs an evaluation index system suitable for the“popu‐ lation-land”urbanization symbiosis development in the new era. Each prefecture-level city is a research sample, and the factor analysis method is used to make an empirical evaluation of the actual effect level and fluctuation ef‐ fect of the“population-land”urbanization symbiosis development in Jiangsu Province. The study found that since 2006, although the level of“population-land”urbanization symbiosis in Jiangsu Province has been gradual‐ ly increasing year by year, the level of symbiosis between regions is still unbalanced, showing a decreasing trend from south to north, and the balance is lower in northern Jiangsu Province. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of the household registration system and unify the“population-land”market, so as to pro‐ mote the development of urban-rural integration and symbiosis.