The theory of urban-rural relationship is an important part of the long-term research of Marxism re? searchers. Mao Zedong’s thought of urban and rural integration is the product of combining the universal truth of Marxism with China’s specific national conditions in the new democratic revolution and socialist construction. The cognition of the nature of developing rural areas and gradually encircling the city is its logical starting point, giving priority to the development of heavy industry and taking into account agriculture is its principal manifesta? tion, and realizing the integration of industries, space and residents of urban and rural areas is its ultimate goal. To thoroughly study this idea, we must vigorously promote urban-rural integration, safeguard the interests of farmers, promote the integration of urban and rural industries and narrow the gap of basic public services be? tween urban and rural areas, and realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.