With the development of China’s civil aviation transport industry, the economic value of slot is increasing, which gradually leads to more and more prominent contradiction between supply and demand of busy airports. The interests of all parties are difficult to balance, and the introduction of market mechanism, auction, perhaps becomes a viable solution. The transfer of slot allocation policy from administrative rationing to auction trading is a system change. Through game theory research, it is found that the introduction of fair concept can improve the efficiency of the system change by changing participants’personal income expectation, reducing “free-riding”behavior and reducing institutional change costs, so that the social income will be improved. With this in mind, it is necessary to design the various system content of slot auction guided by economics, which is conducive to the reform of the slot allocation policy.