Based on the realistic background that socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, XI Jinping’s thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era adheres to and develops MarxismLeninism, MAO Zedong’s thoughts, DENG Xiaoping’s theory and the important "three represents" concepts and scientific outlook on development, and forms a complete and scientific system about the theoretical theme of “adhering to and developing what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics” for a new era, which has rich and profound connotation. In the background of the new era, adhering to and developing XI Jinping’s thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era has important significance for realizing the great revival of the Chinese nation, promoting a new leap of the sinicization of Marxism, opening a new realm of governing the country, and offering Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solve the problems facing mankind.