The traditional civil damage compensation takes "filling the damage " as the goal, that is to take the assumption that the damage can be filled as the basic premise. The functions of the environmental damage compensation and relief are limited to filling damage, which can not have a proper effect. For the damage which can not be filled or is difficult to fill, the best way is to prevent the damage from happening. Therefore, we should put the prevention as the guiding principle and create a new way of preventive liability of environmental damage compensation and relief. The transformation of ways of stopping the infringement, removing the obstacles, and eliminating the danger are the main forms of preventive liability. Ecological restoration is an auxiliary form of preventive liability.