Using the unified logical and historical method, this paper proposes that innovation of science and technology is the key to the reform of the supply front and that core innovation of science and technology determines the realization of the reform of supply front, so science and technology system reform should transform from single to system. It is suggested that the fundamental path of scientific and technological innovation is system innovation, talent support, investment in science and technology, and expanded demand. Enterprises are the main force of scientific and technological innovation and innovation activities are characterized by being conductive and periodical.