Market mediation and government mediation are regular channels to resolve disputes, but “market failure” and “government failure” frequently occur in the medical dispute resolution mechanism in China's existing medical environment. Nongovernmental organizations (NGO), as an important component of the “market” and “government”, can fully display their advantages of resolving contradictions and disputes by promoting the communication between doctors and patients, strengthening the social capital of the patients, offering professional legal aid and independent mediation.