Public charity is a social undertaking demanding moral support and an ideal way to realize “social ethics”. It not only represents the direction of human moral development, but also is the value orientation of human society development. To transform traditional public charity system from “negative welfare” to “positive welfare”, public charity relief is expected to perform the following functions. On the one hand, it should respect the life rights of the vulnerable groups and reveal social fairness and justice so that the incapacitated vulnerable groups can live with dignity and realize their value of life. On the other hand, it should promote the capability of the vulnerable groups so that the capacitated vulnerable people can fundamentally shake off poverty and realize freedom and development.