The issue of farmers has always been at the core of Chinese revolution and development. The farmers' socialist beliefs determine the direction and nature of China's socialist career. The generation of farmers' socialist beliefs must reveal the internal logic between the losses and gains of farmers'benefits and the superiority of socialism. However, the household contract responsibility system liberates the productive forces and meanwhile restricts the further development of the productive forces, and causes farmers' “atomization”, strengthens their consciousness of small peasant farmers, which are not conducive to the cultivation of socialist beliefs. New cooperative economic organizations can collectivize atomized farmers and open a window for the development of rural economy and farmers' socialist belief.