After the promulgation of the Civil Code, in the process of transforming from a traditional society to a risk society, there are difficulties in the regulation of criminal law against wildlife crimes under the traditional theory of legal interests. In the past, there have been disputes between the infringement of legal interests, the or? derly law and the substantial law, among which the theory of wildlife resources is the most accurate in the tradi? tional society. However, after the promulgation of the Civil Code, the emphasis on the green principle and the rise of animal rights theory mean that ecological legal interests should be paid more attention to in the infringe? ment of legal interests of wildlife crimes, and ecological legal interests should be economically reformed. In the risk society, we should adopt the mode of emphasizing both legal benefits and social risks, try to introduce the theory of social systemic risks, take the neglected social risks as the infringement legal benefits, and consider the damage to the whole society caused by wildlife crime.