As a symbol of the birth of Marxism, the Communist Manifesto contains rich thoughts of international communist movement and is a battle call for the proletarian movement. However, in the existing literature, the systematic research on the characteristics of the proletarian movement is relatively scarce. Therefore, based on the textual investigation of the Communist Manifesto, this paper expounds the triple characteristics of the proletarian movement that are progressiveness, thoroughness and cosmopolitan. Progressiveness is mainly reflected in the foundation and goals of the movement; thoroughness is reflected in the ways, ideas, means and trends of the movement; cosmopolitan is concentrated on the premises and conditions of the movement. These three characteristics run through the whole process of the proletarian movement.